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Background
Since
1998,
Armenia
has been involved in an undeclared war with
Azerbaijan
over the autonomous
republic
of
Nagorno-Karabakh
. While peace negotiations have been undertaken, the
conflict has not been resolved and the Armenian government, which denies any
direct military involvement, remains embroiled in Nagorno-Karabakh.
Armenia
, a republic, has been criticized for a poor human
rights record, although the State Department’s 2001 report does note
improvements. According to the 2001
report,
Armenia
has experienced deaths in police custody and in the
military due to mistreatment; arbitrary arrest and detention continue; prison
conditions can be life-threatening despite improvements; and the Armenian
government did not often investigate alleged abuses by members of the military
and security forces, allowing impunity to be widespread. In addition,
Armenia
’s government does not respect conditions of privacy
and due process. Freedom of the
press is also limited in
Armenia
, as is freedom of association, religious freedom, and
worker’s rights. The State
Department report also documents violence against women, trafficking in women
and girls, government and social discrimination against women, the disabled, and
religious and ethnic minorities (www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/201/eur/8221pf.htm).
U.S.
Military Assistance Prior to
Sept. 11, 2001
According
to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, the UN Arms Register,
and the Human Development Report,
Armenia
has not received any imports of conventional weapons in
the last 10 years. But,
Armenia
, with an armed force estimated at 41, 000 (Human
Development Report, 2002) has a military expenditure of approximately $75
million in 1999, 4 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (CIA World Factbook
2001, www.cia.gov). There were no
U.S.
arms exports to
Armenia
between 1990-2001, although
Armenia
did receive $344,000 in military training in FY 01
(Foreign Military Training Report 2002, www.fas.org/asmp/campaigns/training/FMTT2002/Index.htm)
U.S.
Military Assistance Since
Sept. 11, 2001
Since
Sept. 11,
Armenia
has been on the receiving end of
U.S.
generosity for weapons and training.
Armenia
was one of the six countries that had
U.S.
sanctions against it removed.
In reality,
Armenia
’s military aid since Sept. 11 could be interpreted
solely in order to placate to government’s concern that
U.S.
aid to rival
Azerbaijan
was increasing. As
a result, Congress appropriated $4.3 million in military assistance for FY 02.
This trend appears to be continuing into 2003 and 2004 as well.
In the FY 03 Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs
Appropriations Act,
Armenia
was granted no less than $3 million for FMF, which had
a previous total of zero. In
addition,
Armenia
was allotted $750,000 for IMET, which had been zero
prior to FY 02. In FY 04 Armenia has
been promised $2.5 million in FMF, $900,000 for IMET programs and $49.5 million
in FSA funding.
ANNEX
CASE STUDY PROFILES
|
Country
|
Govt.
Type
|
Infant
Mortality
Rate
(per
1,000 live births)
2001
est.
|
Total
Armed
Forces
(thousands)
2000
est.
|
Military
Exp. US$
(millions)
|
Military
Exp.
%
GDP
|
Imports/
Conventional
Arms Transfers US$
(millions)
2001
est.
|
Human
Rights Record
2001
|
Armenia
|
republic
|
41.27
|
41
|
$75 (FY99)
|
4%
(FY99)
|
0
|
Poor,
improve-
ments in some areas
|
|
United
Nations Register of Conventional Arms
|
|
Country
|
1993
|
1994
|
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
|
Armenia
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Country
|
Fiscal
Year
|
IMET
|
FMF
|
FSA
|
ESF
|
Total
|
|
Armenia
|
1990
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1991
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1992
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1993
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1994
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1995
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1996
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1997
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1998
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
1999
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
2000
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
2001
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
2002
|
$75,000
|
$4,000,000
|
$90,200,000
|
$0
|
$94,275,000
|
|
2002 ERF
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
2002 SUP
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
$0
|
|
2003
(request)
|
$750,000
|
$3,000,000
|
$70,000,000
|
$0
|
$73,750,000
|
|
2004
(request)
|
$900,000
|
$2,500,000
|
$49,500,000
|
$0
|
$52,900,000
|
|
Total
|
$1,725,000
|
$9,500,000
|
$209,700,000
|
$0
|
$220,925,000
|
Sources:
CIA
Factbook 2001
Human
Development Report 2002
Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2001, Appendix 5C Register of the
transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons
United
Nations Register of Conventional Arms
U.S.
Department of State Human Rights
Report 2001- Released
March 4, 2002
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